The impact of educational status on the clinical features of major depressive disorder among Chinese women.
Gan Z., Li Y., Xie D., Shao C., Yang F., Shen Y., Zhang N., Zhang G., Tian T., Yin A., Chen C., Liu J., Tang C., Zhang Z., Liu J., Sang W., Wang X., Liu T., Wei Q., Xu Y., Sun L., Wang S., Li C., Hu C., Cui Y., Liu Y., Li Y., Zhao X., Zhang L., Sun L., Chen Y., Zhang Y., Ning Y., Shi S., Chen Y., Kendler KS., Flint J., Zhang J.
BACKGROUND: Years of education are inversely related to the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), but the relationship between the clinical features of MDD and educational status is poorly understood. We investigated this in 1970 Chinese women with recurrent MDD identified in a clinical setting. METHODS: Clinical and demographic features were obtained from 1970 Han Chinese women with DSM-IV major depression between 30 and 60 years of age across China. Analysis of linear, logistic and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the association between educational level and clinical features of MDD. RESULTS: Subjects with more years of education are more likely to have MDD, with an odds ratio of 1.14 for those with more than ten years. Low educational status is not associated with an increase in the number of episodes, nor with increased rates of co-morbidity with anxiety disorders. Education impacts differentially on the symptoms of depression: lower educational attainment is associated with more biological symptoms and increased suicidal ideation and plans to commit suicide. LIMITATIONS: Findings may not generalize to males or to other patient populations. Since the threshold for treatment seeking differs as a function of education there may an ascertainment bias in the sample. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between symptoms of MDD and educational status in Chinese women is unexpectedly complex. Our findings are inconsistent with the simple hypothesis from European and US reports that low levels of educational attainment increase the risk and severity of MDD.